Ukuhlaziywa Kwezinto Eziyinhloko Zezibhengezo Eziguqukayo ze-PVC

Izibhengezo ze-PVC eziguquguqukayo, izinto ezibonisa izimpawu ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhangiseni, ekubukisweni kwemicimbi, nasekuhlobiseni, zinezinzuzo eziyinhloko zokuguquguquka okuhle kakhulu, ukuqina, nokukhanga okubonakalayo. Isihluthulelo sokufeza lezi zakhiwo sisekusetshenzisweni kwazo okuyinhlanganisela yokusebenza, ngokuyinhloko eyakhiwe nge-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin futhi yakhiwe ngendlela yokucubungula eyinhlanganisela. Imininingwane elandelayo izici ezibalulekile ze-PVC izibhengezo eziguquguqukayo ezivela emibonweni emithathu: ukwakheka kwezinto ezibonakalayo, izici zokusebenza, nezikhombisi-ndlela zokuthuthukisa lobuchwepheshe.

1. I-Core Material: I-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Resin

Isakhiwo esikhulu samabhanela e-PVC aguquguqukayo sakhiwe nge-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin. I-PVC iyi-polymer ye-thermoplastic ekhiqizwa yi-polymerization ye-vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). Iketango layo lamamolekyuli liqukethe amabhondi e-carbon{2}}e-chlorine azinzile, anikeza ukumelana kwamakhemikhali okungokwemvelo namandla okusebenza. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zesibhengezo, i-PVC resin, njengento eyisisekelo, inikeza ukusekelwa okubalulekile okungokwenyama-ukuqinisekisa ukucaba kwesibhengezo uma simbulwa. Ukuguquguquka kwayo okumaphakathi kweketango lamangqamuzana nakho kuyivumela ukuthi ivumelane nezimo ezithile (isb., amakholomu ayisilinda noma izitendi zokubonisa ezigobile).

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nakuba i-PVC evamile eqinile iqinile, iphinde ibe brittle futhi ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana ngokuqondile nezidingo zokugoba zamabhanela. Ngakho-ke, inqubo "yokuguqulwa kwe-plasticization" ivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni. Lokhu kuhilela ukungeza inani elifanele lezinto zepulasitiki (ezifana nama-phthalates namafutha e-soya epoxidized) kunhlaka ye-PVC. Lokhu kuphazamisa amanye amandla e-van der Waals phakathi kwamaketanga emolekyuli futhi kwehlisa izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi ye-polymer (Tg), kuguqula okokusebenza ukusuka kokuqinile kuye kokuvumelana nezimo. Le PVC eguquliwe igcina ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nezakhiwo zokucubungula kalula ze-resin yangempela kuyilapho futhi izuza izici ezingokoqobo njengokugoba nokugoqeka.

II. Izinto Ezisizayo Ezisebenzayo: Izingxenye Ezihlanganisiwe Ezithuthukisa Ukusebenza Sekukonke

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe umuzwa ongokoqobo wezibhengezo, okuyisisekelo se-PVC kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlobonhlobo zezithasiselo ezisebenzayo noma izinto ezingaphezulu, okwakha -isakhiwo esiyinhlanganisela esinezendlalelo eziningi.

Iziqinisi: Qinisekisa-Ukumelana Nesimo Sezulu Sesikhathi Eside

Ngenxa yokuthi izibhengezo zivame ukuvezwa izimo zangaphandle isikhathi eside (njengokukhangisa emgwaqweni nezimpawu zombukiso), imisebe ye-UV, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, nomswakama ophezulu kungabangela kalula ukuwohloka kwamaketango e-PVC amangqamuzana (isb, dehydrochlorination), okuholela ekubeni phuzi, ukonakala, ngisho nokuqhekeka. Ngakho-ke, ama-stabilizers okushisa kanye nokuqiniswa kokukhanya kubalulekile ekwakhiweni. Iziqinisi ukushisa, ikakhulukazi i-calcium-izinzalisi eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-zinc (ezinobungani bemvelo) noma izithasiselo zikasawoti oholayo (zendabuko), zithwebula i-HCl ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusabela futhi zinqande ukuwohloka kweketango. Iziqinisi zokukhanya, okuhlanganisa izimunca ze-UV (ezifana ne-UV-531) kanye nezinzinzisi zokukhanya ze-amine ezivimbe (i-HALS), zinweba impilo yangaphandle yezinto ezibonakalayo (imvamisa kufika eminyakeni emi-3-5) ngokubonisa noma ukumunca ukukhanya kwe-UV noma ukunqamula ukusabela kwamaketango wamahhala.

Ukwelapha Okungaphezulu: Ukulinganisa Ukuphrinta Nezakhiwo Zokuzivikela

Indawo yesibhengezo ngokuvamile idinga umbhalo ophrintiwe noma ihluzo, edinga ukunamathela kukayinki okuhle kakhulu nokugcwala kombala. Kuze kube manje, i-PVC substrate ithola ukwelashwa kwe-corona (ukukhulisa amandla angaphezulu ngokukhipha-i-voltage ephezulu) noma imbozwe ngoyinki{2}osekelwe emanzini{3}}ungqimba oluhambisanayo (okufana ne-acrylate copolymer coating) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunamathela kukayinki okuqinile futhi imelane nokufiphala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye{5}}izibhengezo eziphezulu zifaka ifilimu yokuvikela ye-PVC ekhanyayo (ecishe ibe ngu-0.05-0.1mm ubukhulu) ngaphezulu. Le filimu ayihlinzeki nje kuphela ukumelana nokuklwebheka (ukuvimbela ukuguga nokudabuka ekwakhiweni okubangelwa ukungqubuzana kwansuku zonke) kodwa futhi ithuthukisa ukumelana kwamanzi nothuli, okwenza ifanelekele izindawo ezinokhahlo.

Ama-Toughening Fillers: Ukuthuthukisa Ukuqina Kokugoba

Ukuze uvimbele ukuphuka kokukhathala okubangelwa ukuguquguquka okuvamile, okunye ukwakheka kwesibhengezo se-PVC kuhlanganisa izigcwalisi eziguquguqukayo (njenge-polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder kanye nezinhlayiya zenjoloba ye-nitrile) noma imicu eqinisayo (njengemicu ye-polyester staple). Lezi zihlungi, ezihlakazwe ngaphakathi kwe-matrix ye-PVC, zenza "isakhiwo esincane-sebhafa" esabalalisa umthwalo ezindaweni zokugoba okugxilile, ngaleyo ndlela kunwebe ubude bempilo bezinto ngemva kokuguquguquka okuphindaphindiwe. (Idatha yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi izibhengezo ze-PVC ezithuthukisiwe zingamelana ngaphezu kokungu-5,{4}ukugoba kwerediyasi cm ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.)

III. Iziqondiso Zokuthuthukiswa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile: Ukuthuthukiswa Okudidiyelwe Kokuvikela Imvelo Nokusebenza

Ngokukhula kwesidingo semakethe sezinto ezisimeme, izibhengezo zesimanje ze-PVC eziguquguqukayo ziya ngokuya zithuthukiswa ukuze zibe nobuthi obuphansi, isisindo esilula, nokusebenza okuhlanganisiwe okwengeziwe. Isibonelo, i-phthalates, i-plasticizer yendabuko, ithathelwa indawo ama-plasticizers angavumelani nemvelo njengama-citrate nama-epoxy fatty acid methyl esters ngenxa yezingozi ezingase zibe khona empilweni. Emkhakheni wokuzinzisa, izinhlelo ze-calcium{2}}ezihlanganisiwe ze-zinc zithuthukiswa kakhulu, kuyilapho amafomula aqukethe izinsimbi ezisindayo njengomthofu ne-cadmium ayayekwa. Abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa i-nanotechnology (efana nokwengeza i-nano-i-titanium dioxide antimicrobial coatings) ukuze banikeze izibhengezo izici ezengeziwe ezifana{5}}nezakhiwo zokuzihlanza kanye ne-antibacterial, ngokuqhubekayo ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo.

Kafushane, izinto eziyinhloko zamabhanela e-PVC aguquguqukayo zisekelwe ku-polyvinyl chloride resin eguquliwe, eyenziwe yaguquguquka ngokusebenzisa ama-plasticizers. Lokhu kwenezelwa yizinza, izendlalelo zokwelashwa okungaphezulu, nezigcwalisi ezisebenzayo, okudala uhlelo olubanzi lwezinto ezibonakalayo oluhlanganisa ukuguquguquka, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, ukuphrinta, kanye nezakhiwo zokuzivikela. Lezi zici zikwenza kube ukukhetha okujwayelekile kwezimpawu zokukhangisa, ukusebenza kokulinganisa kanye -nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwezindleko.