Izinto Ezibalulekile kanye Nokuhlaziywa Okusebenzayo Kokukhetha Indwangu Ephephezelayo

Njengendawo eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kwesayensi yezinto zesimanje, izindwangu eziphefumulayo zithinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza komkhiqizo neminyaka yokuphila. Izindwangu eziphefumulayo zisetshenziswa kakhulu emishinini yangaphandle, ezinsizakalweni zokwelapha, kanye nemikhiqizo yokuzilibazisa neyokuzijabulisa ngenxa yokukhanya kwazo, ukuphatheka, nokusebenza. Lesi sihloko sihlola ngokuhlelekile amasu okukhetha impahla yezindwangu eziphefumulayo kusuka emibonweni emithathu: izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo, izidingo zokusebenza, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo zemvelo.

Ngokombono wezinto eziyisisekelo, izindwangu zesimanje eziphefumulayo zisebenzisa ama-polymer njengezinto ezisetshenziswayo eziyinhloko. I-polyurethane (PU)-izindwangu ezinamekwe, ngenxa yokunwebeka kwazo okuhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana nokuhuqwa, seziphenduke into ekhethwayo phakathi- nemikhiqizo ephezulu{3}}. Lesi sici sigcina umoya omuhle kakhulu ngenkathi simelana nezingcindezi zemishini zokuphindaphindeka kokwehla kwamandla emali kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali. Uma kuqhathaniswa, ifilimu ye-polyethylene (PE), nakuba ingabizi kakhulu, ihlushwa i-ductility ebuthakathaka kanye nokumelana nokubhoboza okwanele, okuyenza ingalungeli kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga{6}}ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside. Ngokuphawulekayo, ukuvela kwezinto ezintsha ze-thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) kuthuthukise kakhulu ukumelana kwazo nesimo sezulu kanye nokusebenza kwemvelo ngokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo samangqamuzana, ngomjikelezo wokuwohloka ocishe ube mfishane ngo-40% kunalowo wezinto ze-PU zendabuko.

Umsebenzi-ukukhethwa kokusebenza okuthambekele kufanele kubeke kuqala izimfuneko ezithile zesimo sokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe. Emkhakheni wokuhlenga ngaphandle, izinto zokusebenza ezifana ne-inflatable stretchers zidinga izindwangu eziqinile futhi eziphefumulayo. Isakhiwo esiyinhlanganisela-yezendlalelo ezimbili siyisixazululo esisebenzayo: isisekelo sendwangu enayiloni engu-210D yesendlalelo esingaphandle sithuthukisa ukungezwani kwezinyembezi, kuyilapho ifilimu ye-PU encane isetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwesendlalelo esingaphakathi ukusiza ukushintshaniswa kwegesi. Ezisetshenziswa zemidlalo zamanzi, njengamajakhethi okuphila aphefumulayo, ukukhetha okubalulekile kufanele kubeke phambili ibhalansi phakathi kokuvuthwa nokuzwakala kwesikhumba{6}}nobungane. Ngokuvamile, igwebu le-EVA elivaliwe-elinobukhulu obungu-0.91 g/cm³ lifakwe indwangu eboshwe nge-PVC{10}}. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ivolumu ye-buoyant engu-0.024 m³ ngenkathi kuthuthukisa ukunethezeka ngokuthungwa kwendawo. Omatilasi bomoya bezokwelapha babeka izidingo eziphakeme nakakhulu ekuhambisaneni kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Izindwangu{15}ezihlanganisiwe ze-silicone{16}}yezinga lezokwelapha, ngenxa yezindawo{17}ezingezona izinto ezingezwani nezibulalayo nezibulalayo, sezijwayelekile ezibhedlela.

Ukuvumelana nezimo kwemvelo kuyipharamitha yezobuchwepheshe ebalulekile ekukhetheni izinto ezibonakalayo. Ukufakwa kwesikrini selanga nge-Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) ye-50+ kungabambezela ngempumelelo inqubo yokuguga ezindaweni{2}}eziphakeme zokukhanya kwelanga. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezipholile ezipholile-zezinga lokushisa eliphansi, i-matrix yerabha elungisiwe efakwe i-boron carbide nanoparticles inganciphisa izinga lokushisa elinoboya libe ngaphansi -}ku-40℃, iqinisekise ukuguquguquka kwezimo ezibandayo kakhulu. Ezindaweni zasolwandle, izindwangu ezihlanganisiwe ezilashwa ngokuvikeleka okuphindwe kathathu (i-anti-isikhutha, i-anti-isifutho sikasawoti, kanye{13}}nolwelwe) zingafinyelela ama-engeli okuxhumana angaphezu kuka-115 degree, ehlisa kakhulu izinga lokuguguleka kwamanzi olwandle. Idatha yelabhorethri ibonisa ukuthi ngemva kwamahora angu-500 wokucwiliswa ngaphansi kwamanzi, izinga lokuvuza kwegesi lezindwangu eziphathwe nge-nano-hydrophobic lihlala lingaphakathi kwe-3% yenani lokuqala.

Ukuqamba izinto ezintsha kuqhuba impumelelo eqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe bendwangu obuphephezelayo. Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwe-bio{1}based polyurethanes ithole impumelelo yokuqala. Isizukulwane esisha sezinto zokwakha ezenziwe ngamafutha ezitshalo sinekhabhoni ephansi engama-62% ngenkathi sigcina izakhiwo ezifaniswayo zemishini ne-polyurethane yendabuko. Ukusetshenziswa kwamapholima enkumbulo yomumo kunikeza{5}}izakhiwo zokuzilapha ezindwangu. Lapho kutholwa umonakalo omncane-ongaphansi kuka-0.5 mm, izindwangu zingalungiswa ngokuhlanganisa kabusha amaketanga azo amamolekyuli ngokushisisa okwasendaweni. Ukuthuthukiswa kwengcindezi ehlakaniphile{10}}yendwangu elawulayo ihlanganisa amanethiwekhi efiber ye-alloy fiber alungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuvuleka nokuvalwa kwama-vents ngokusekelwe ezinguqukweni ze-ambient pressure. Lobu buchwepheshe bungene esigabeni sokuhlola insimu embonini ye-aerospace.

Ukwenziwa kwezinqumo zesayensi-ekukhethweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo kudinga isistimu yokuhlola ehlelekile. Ukuhlola okuphelele kuyatuswa kuwo wonke amazinga amathathu: ukuhlolwa kwesakhiwo somzimba okuyisisekelo (okuhlanganisa amandla aqinile Amakhulu noma alingana no-200N/5cm namandla okudabula Amakhulu noma alingana no-50N), ukuqinisekiswa okusebenzayo (ukuhlolwa kokungangeni komoya: ukugcina ingcindezi Enkulu noma elingana namahora angu-24 ngaphandle kokwehla kwengcindezi), kanye nokusheshisa ukuguga kufinyelele eminyakeni emithathu elingana nesilinganiso seminyaka engama-72 ukuguga). Ukuthenga ngobuningi,{8}}isampula encane yokuhlolwa kokuvumelana nezimo zemvelo kufanele futhi kwenziwe, okuhlanganisa nokuhamba ngebhayisikili ukusuka ku--30℃kuya ku-70℃kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqina komswakama ongu-85%.

Okwamanje, ukukhethwa kwempahla yendwangu ephephethekayo kushintshile kusukela-endleleni eyodwa yokusebenza kuya{1}}ebhalansi yokusebenza kwezinhlangothi eziningi. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi yezinto zokwakha, intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo izogxila ekuthuthukisweni okuhlanganisiwe kwamandla angasindi namandla aphezulu,{3}}ukusetshenziswa kwesilinganiso esikhulu sezinto ezihambisana nemvelo, kanye nedizayini edidiyelwe yemisebenzi yokuphendula ehlakaniphile. Lapho kukhethwa izindwangu eziphephethekayo, abasebenzisi abangochwepheshe kufanele bakhe -isinqumo sobukhulu obuthathu-imodeli yokwenza ehlanganisa amapharamitha wezinto ezibonakalayo, izindleko{7}}ukusebenza ngempumelelo, nezici zemvelo ezisekelwe ezintweni ezibalulekile zokusebenza zesimo sohlelo lokusebenza oluthile, ngaleyo ndlela bathole ukufana okuhle phakathi kokusebenza komkhiqizo nevelu elingokoqobo.